Allen Christopher Bertram Bathurst, the 9th Earl of Bathurst is a British peer whose other title is Lord Apsley. He and I were colleagues at Harrow School, the best private school in the United Kingdom, 30 years ago. In 1985 he said the following: ‘’Nigeria is a toilet of a country where evil reigns’’.
I have never forgotten his insulting remarks. I found it intriguing that this quintessential member of the English upper class had the nerve to say such things to me about my country.
My response to him was equally graphic and frank. I told him that
Nigeria was not a ‘’toilet of a country’’ but that if he insisted on his
insolent characterization then it was a ‘’toilet’’ that was established
by non-other than his British forefathers who defecated in it and left
a horrible mess before departing from our shores. He found my response
most disconcerting and we almost came to blows.
Yet I look at what has happened to us in the last 54 years of our
existence as an independent nation and what we have suffered in the last
100 years since the 1914 amalgamation of the northern and southern
protectorates and I really do wonder.
If the truth must be told, things have not gone too well for us. I was
born in the same year as we gained our independence and as I ponder and
reflect on the last 54 years all I see is violence, bloodshed, dashed
hopes, lost opportunities and shattered dreams. I see a brutal civil war
in which two million people died.
I see a string of violent military coups and repressive military
dictatorships and I see suspicion and division between the peoples of
the north and the south. I see dangerous tensions between the numerous
ethnic nationalities, continuous strife and sectarian violence. I see
bombings, the slaughter of the innocents, Islamic fundamentalist
rebellions, battle-ready ethnic militias and bloodthirsty local war
lords.
I see economic degradation, decaying infrastructures, environmental
disasters and untold suffering and hardship. And finally I see poverty
and unemployment, poor quality leadership and a dysfunctional
semi-failed state which is still struggling to find its true identity.
On October 1st
every year we make nostalgic and inspirational speeches about the
‘’labors of our heroes past’’ and congratulate one another on our
independence. Yet we refuse to sit back in deep reflection, take stock
of what has really been going on and carry out an honest and candid
appraisal of our situation.
We are not ‘’a toilet of a country where evil reigns’’ but we must admit
that we are in a mess. And the question is why are we in such a mess,
how did we get there, why have we not been able to get out of it in 52
years and what role did our former colonial masters play in creating and
sustaining that mess.
If we want to answer these questions we must go back to the beginning.
The problem is that the British established a faulty foundation for
Nigeria right from the start which they knew could not produce anything
wholesome. The Nigeria that they handed over to us in 1960 was nothing
but an unworkable artificial state and a “poisoned chalice”. It was
destined to fail right from the outset.
Worse still they handed us that poisoned chalice with a malicious and
mischievous intent and without any recourse to our people in terms of
any form of a national referendum. The British did the same thing in
varying degrees when they left virtually each and every one of their
other ‘’third world’’ colonies. The most obvious cases however were
Nigeria, the Sudan, India and the nation that was formerly known as
Malaya.
Every single one of these four countries had monumental problems with
sustaining their unity after independence and all of them, with the
exception of Nigeria, were compelled to break up into smaller entities
before they could bring out the best in themselves as a people and fully
exercise their human potentials.
Consequently India broke up into three and became India, Pakistan and
Bangladesh, the Sudan broke into two and became Southern Sudan and the
Sudan and Malaya broke into two and became Malaysia and Singapore.
Nigeria is yet to find the courage and fortitude to go that far and
whether we will eventually break up or not remains to be seen.
Yet the truth is that when you force two incompatibles with completely
different world views together into an unhappy marriage, lock the gates
of the house, throw away the keys and bestow leadership upon a “poor
husband” to rule over a ‘’rich wife’’ in perpetuity, you are looking for
trouble.
The result of the amalgamation was therefore predictable. It was either
that the “poor husband” (the north) would fully subjugate and eventually
kill the “rich wife”(the south) or the “rich wife” would fully
subjugate and eventually kill the “poor husband”. And we are right in
the middle of that struggle for mutual subjugation till today.
In 1960 the British ensured that power was handed over to the most
pliable region at the Federal level by establishing an alliance with the
northern traditional institutions and political ruling elite and fixing
the census figures in their favor.
Consequently by 1960 we had a situation where the well-educated,
enlightened, progressive and predominantly Christian south was played
out through intrigue, deceit and fixed census figures and instead power
was given to a fatalistic and ultra-conservative Muslim north who were
prepared to do anything the British wanted them to do, who had already
overwhelmed and suppressed their own ethnic and Christian minority
groups and whose major preoccupation was to dominate and control the
entire federation, to keep the south out of power and to “dip the Koran
in the Atlantic ocean”. It did not stop there.
Even after the British left in 1960 they continued to meddle in our
affairs and they encouraged, sponsored and supported a string of
repressive military regimes, all of which derived their power from a
northern-controlled army officers corps whose retired generals are the
ones that determine who will be what in our country. That is our story.
Some have argued that despite the ignoble intentions of the British we
ought to have been able to sort out our own problems 54 years after they
left us. This is a good point. It does however betray a tinge of
naivety and a lack of appreciation of just how chronic those problems
were right from the start and just how malevolent a hand the British
dealt us.
I say this because the bitter truth is that the system in Nigeria cannot
be changed simply because the forces that have controlled our country
since 1960 are deeply conservative and the foundation and the structure
upon which she has been established has been designed in such a way that
makes radical and fundamental change impossible.
Some have compared Nigeria to a badly wounded leg which can only be
healed through restructuring. It follows that the only way real change
can come is if the country is restructured and power is devolved from
the center.
Unfortunately the Nigerian people do not seem to be minded to effect
this option anytime soon. They seem to have lost their will to resist
inequity, tyranny and injustice, to insist on determining their own fate
and to fight for their own future.
The relevance of the British today is that they are not only the
architects of this monumental monstrosity but they are also the ones
that have continued to encourage and support the ruling elite that runs
and sustains it.
If they were being fair to us they would have been amongst those that
have been encouraging the idea of restructuring our country, devolving
power from the center and effecting a fundamental and radical change in
our attitudes and affairs.
That is precisely what they are doing in the United Kingdom itself today
where power is being systematically and gradually devolved from the
center at Westminster in England to the hitherto suppressed and occupied
regions of Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland.
This is good enough for them yet our erstwhile colonial masters have
never supported a similar course of action for us. It is for this reason
that we can blame the forefathers of the 9
th Earl of Bathurst almost as much as we can blame ourselves for the mess that our country is in up until today.
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